Emotional Impact of Pro-Russian Disinformation in the Czech Media Space: Analysis of Sentiments, Narratives and Manipulative Strategies (2016–2023)

Allen, T. S., & Moore, A. J. (2018). Victory without casualties: Russia’s information operations. The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters, 48(1), https://press.armywarcollege.edu/parameters/vol48/iss1/8/

Almohaimeed, A. S. (2017). Using tweets sentiment analysis to predict stock market movement (Doctoral dissertation, Auburn University)

Arias-Maldonado, M. (2020). A Chatterjee, S., & Krekó, P. (2020). State-sponsored disinformation in Western democracies is the elephant in the room. Euronews, July 06, https://www.euronews.com/2020/07/06/state-sponsored-disinformation-in-western-democracies-is-the-elephant-in-the-room-view

Bail, Ch. A. (2016). Combining Network Analysis and Natural Language Processing to Examine how Advocacy Organizations Stimulate Conversation on Social Media. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113:42, 11823-11828, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27694580/  

Barker, D., Nyberg, G., & Larsson, H. (2019). Joy, fear and resignation: investigating emotions in physical education using a symbolic interactionist approach. Sport, Education and Society, 25(8), 872–888, https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2019.1672148

Barrouillet, P. (2011). Dual-process theories and cognitive development: Advances and challenges. Developmental Review, Volume 31, Issues 2–3,  79-85, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S027322971100013X

Barwise, J. & Seligman (1993). “Imperfect Information Flow,” in M. Vardi (ed.), Proceedings. Eight Annu-al IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science. Montreal: IEEE Computer Society Press, 252-260.

Bienvenu, H., Jacquéand, Ph. & Stroobants, J.-P. (2024). Poland, Czech Republic warn of Russian interference ahead of European elections. Le Monde, March 30, https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2024/03/30/poland-czech-republic-warn-of-russian-interference-ahead-of-european-elections_6666811_4.html

Blondel, V. D., Guillaume, J.-L., Lambiotte, r. & Lefebvre, E. (2008).  Fast Unfolding of Communities in Large Networks. Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, no. 10, 10008,  https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-5468/2008/10/P10008

Borger, J., Wintour, P. & Stewart, H. (2018). Western allies expel scores of Russian diplomats over Skripal attack. The Guardian, 27 March, https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/mar/26/four-eu-states-set-to-expel-russian-diplomats-over-skripal-attack

Czech Republic Asks Russia to Pay for 2014 Arms Blast (2021). The Moscow Times, 28 June, https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/06/28/czech-republic-asks-russia-to-pay-for-2014-arms-blast-a74364

Czechs expel two Russian diplomats over hoax poison plot (2020). BBC, 5 June, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-52935146

Damasio, A. R. (2004). Emotions and Feelings: A Neurobiological Perspective. In A. S. R. Manstead, N. Frijda, & A. Fischer (Eds.), Feelings and emotions: The Amsterdam symposium, 49–57, Cambridge University Press, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511806582.004

Genealogy for Post-Truth Democracies: Philosophy, Affects, Technology. Communication & Society, 33(2), 65-78.

Echeverría, M., García Santamaría, S. & Hallin, D. C. (2024). IntroductionDeceiving from the top: state-sponsored disinformation as a contemporary global phenomenon.
State-Sponsored Disinformation Around the Globe. How Politicians Deceive their Citizens. Ed. Martin Echeverría, Sara García Santamaría, and Daniel C. Hallin. New York: Routledge, 1-17.

Ekman, P. (1992). An argument for basic emotions. Cognition & Emotion, 6(3–4), 169–200, https://doi.org/10.1080/02699939208411068

Ekman, P. (1999). Basic Emotions. In T. Dalgleish & M. Power (Eds.), Handbook of Cognition and Emotion, John Wiley & Sons, 45–60.

Embassy of the Czech Republic in New Delhi (2024). Czechia stands in solidarity with Ukraine. Statement by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the ongoing Russian aggression against Ukraine., 24.02, https://mzv.gov.cz/newdelhi/en/bilateral_relations/india/czechia_stands_and_will_stand_in.html

Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward Clarification of A Fractured Paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51-58, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x

Esuli, A., & Sebastiani, F. (2007). SentiWordNet: A high–coverage lexical resource for opinion mining. Evaluation, 17(1), 1–26. http://nmis.isti.cnr.it/sebastiani/Publications/2007TR02.pdf

EUR-Lex. (2018). COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS Tackling online disinformation: a European Approach, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:52018DC0236

EUvsDisinfo, 2024, https://euvsdisinfo.eu/about/

Festinger, L. (1968). A Theory Of Cognitive Dissonance, Stanford University Press, https://archive.org/details/FestingerLeonATheoryOfCognitiveDissonance1968StanfordUniversityPress

Gerbaudo, P. (2018). Social media and populism: an elective affinity? Media, Culture & Society, 40(5), 745-753, https://www.doi.org/10.1177/0163443718772192

Gillis, A. S. & Barney, N. (2024). Sentiment analysis. Definition. TechTarget, https://www.techtarget.com/searchbusinessanalytics/definition/opinion-mining-sentiment-mining

Goffman, E. (1974). Frame Analysis: An Essay on the Organization of Experience. New York, NY et al.: Harper & Row.

Hoffman F. G. (2007).  Conflict in the 21 St Century : The Rise of Hybrid Wars, Arlington, Potomac Institute for Policy Studies.

Hyvärinen, H., & Beck, R. (2018). Emotions trump facts: The role of emotions in on social media: A literature review. Proceedings of the 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 1797–1806, http://dx.doi.org/10.24251/HICSS.2018.226

Iosifidis, P. (2024). Theoretical understanding of State-Sponsored Disinformation.  State-Sponsored Disinformation Around the Globe. How Politicians Deceive their Citizens. Ed. byMartin Echeverría, Sara García Santamaría, Daniel C. Hallin. New-York: Routledge, 21-36, https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/oa-edit/10.4324/9781032632940-3/theoretical-understanding-state-sponsored-disinformation-petros-iosifidis

Ireton, C. & Posetti, J. (Eds.) (2018). Journalism, fake news & disinformation: Handbook for journalism education and training, Unesco Publishing, https://en.unesco.org/fightfakenews

Isasi, J. (2024). Sentiment Analysis with 'syuzhet' using R. Programming Historian, https://programminghistorian.org/en/lessons/sentiment-analysis-syuzhet#fnref:4

Joint Statement on the outcomes of the Intergovernmental consultations between Ukraine and the Czech Republic (2022). Government Portal. October 31, https://www.kmu.gov.ua/en/news/joint-statement-outcomes-intergovernmental-consultations-between-ukraine-and-czech-republic

Jowett, G. C. & O’Donnell, V. (2015). Propaganda & Persuasion. Sixth Edition. Sage Publishing.

Kalathil, S., Ludwig, J., & Walker, C. (2020). The cutting edge of sharp power. Journal of Democracy, 31(1), 124–137.

Krastev, I. (2018). Eastern Europe’s Illiberal Revolution. The Long Road to Democratic Decline. Foreign Affairs, April 16, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/hungary/2018-04-16/eastern-europes-illiberal-revolution 

Lasswell, H. D. (1927). The Theory of Political Propaganda. The American Political Science Review, Vol. 21, No. 3, Aug., 627-631. https://web.archive.org/web/20120412225226id_/http://ics-www.leeds.ac.uk:80/papers/pmt/exhibits/2941/Lasswell.pdf

Manfredi, J., Amado, A., & Gómez-Iniesta, P. (2022). State disinformation: emotions at the service of the cause. Communication & Society, 35(2), 205-221, https://doi.org/10.15581/003.35.2.205-221      

Marcus, G. E,  Valentino, N. A., Vasilopoulos, P. & Foucault, M. (2019). Applying the Theory of Affective Intelligence to Support for Authoritarian Policies and Parties. Political Psychology, https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12571 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/pops.12571

Meister, S. (ed.) (2018). Understanding Russian Communication Strategy Case Studies of Serbia and Estonia, Stuttgart, https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/59979

Mohammad, S. & Turney, P. D. (2013). Crowdsourcing a Word–Emotion Association Lexicon, Computational intelligence 29, 436-465,   https://arxiv.org/abs/1308.6297  

National Cyber and Information Security Agency - Legislation (2024). https://www.nukib.gov.cz/en/cyber-security/regulation-and-audit/legislation/  

Newman, M. E. J. (2006). Modularity and Community Structure in Networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103, no. 23,  8577–82,  https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0601602103  

NRC Word-Emotion Association Lexicon (aka EmoLex). (2023), https://perma.cc/A8M5-2SDG

Pang, B., Lee, L., & Vaithyanathan, S. (2002). Thumbs up? Sentiment classification using machine learning techniques. Cornell University, May 28.  

Panger, G. T. (2017). Emotion in social media. University of California, Berkeley.

Price, M. (2015). Free Expression, Globalism and the New Strategic Communication. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Romanenko, N, Bondar, P. & Dukach, Yu. (2021).  Nenavystʹ, emotsiyi, strakh. Yak rosiysʹka deza torik vykorystala podiyi v Ukrayini ta pidlashtuvalasya pid kovid [Hatred, emotions, fear. How Russian disinformation exploited events in Ukraine last year and adapted to Covid]. Texty.Org.UA, 20.01, https://texty.org.ua/articles/102784/nenavyst-emociyi-strah-yak-rosijska-deza-mynuloho-roku-vykorystala-podiyi-v-ukrayini-ta-pidashtuvalasya-pid-kovid/

Rubio, F. (2022). Making the Most of the Betweenness Centrality Algorithm for Gaining Unique Insights. Graphable , November 11, https://www.graphable.ai/blog/betweenness-centrality-algorithm/

Rubio, F. (2023). When is the Closeness Centrality Algorithm best applied? Graphable, January 6,  https://www.graphable.ai/blog/closeness-centrality-algorithm/

Rule, A., Cointet, J.-Ph, & Bearman, P. (2015). Lexical shifts, substantive changes, and continuity in the State of the Union Discourse, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 1790-2014. 

Ruslan Stefanchuk: the Czech Republic assured of further support for Ukraine in its fight against the russian aggressor (2023). Press Service of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, 25 October, https://www.rada.gov.ua/en/news/News/top_news/242818.html

Schachter, S. & Singer, J. E. (1962). "Cognitive, Social, and Physiological Determinants of Emotional State" . Psychological Review. 69 (5): 379–399. doi:10.1037/h0046234. https://gwern.net/doc/psychology/1962-schachter.pdf

Schwartz, L. (2020). Disinformation meets the coronavirus. Columbia Journalism Review, March 19, https://www.cjr.org/analysis/disinformation-covid-19-russia-czech-republic.php

Shara, J. (2021). An Application Example of Sentiment Analysis Using R. Conference Paper, Vienna, September, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/354921657_An_Application_Example_of_Sentiment_Analysis_Using_RShultz, R., & Goodson, R. (1984). Dezinformatsia: Active measures in soviet strategy. Pergamon Press

Smoleňová, I. (2020) The Pro-Russian DISINFORMATION CAMPAIGN in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, https://www.marshallcenter.org/sites/default/files/files/2020-09/pC_v7%20Special%20Edition_en-5_Smole%C5%88ov%C3%A1.pdf

The Czech Republic will also Expel 70 People from its Russian Embassy (2022). Novinite.com. July 02, https://www.novinite.com/articles/215754/The+Czech+Republic+will+also+Expel+70+People+from+its+Russian+Embassy

Tuhina, G. (2024). Two Years Into EU Ban, Russia's RT And Sputnik Are Still Accessible Across The EU. RadioFreeEurope, February 03, https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-rt-sputnik-eu-access-bans-propaganda-ukraine-war/32803929.html

Zafesova, A. (2021). Lie to live. The production of a faked reality as an existential function of Putin's regime. In S. Giusti & E. Piras (Eds.), Democracy and fake news. Information manipulation and post-truth politics. Routledge. 07-118.

Zazo, O. P. (2015). El analisis de la comunicación en español, Iowa: Kendal Hunt, 32

Zulfadzli, D. & Haliyana, K. (2019). Sentiment Analysis in Social Media and Its Application: Systematic Literature Review The Fifth Information Systems International Conference,  www.sciencedirect.com